The Growing E-Waste Problem in the Digitalization Age: An Implementation Issue Between SDGs and Law

In the past decade, rapid technological advancement, digitalisation, and the increased use of electronic products have significantly contributed to the generation of electronic waste (e-waste), posing serious threats to biodiversity and the environment. The disposal of obsolete electronic products results in hazardous waste that undermines the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 3, 6, and 15. This study examines the rise of e-waste in the digital age, its causes, environmental and health impacts, management challenges, and its relationship with sustainable development goals, while also analysing the legislative and policy framework governing e-waste in India. The growing volume of e-waste, driven by consumerism and rapid technological upgrades, releases toxic substances such as mercury, bromine, BFRs, PVC, and heavy metals that contaminate land, water, and air, causing severe ecological and health consequences. Inadequate recycling infrastructure and weak waste management practices further aggravate the problem. India, as the world's third-largest producer of e-waste, faces significant environmental challenges requiring urgent intervention. The paper argues that effective implementation of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), improved recycling mechanisms, responsible manufacturing practices, and strengthened regulatory enforcement are essential for controlling e-waste generation and promoting sustainable environmental development.